Journal: PLoS ONE

Article Title: Maleic Acid – but Not Structurally Related Methylmalonic Acid – Interrupts Energy Metabolism by Impaired Calcium Homeostasis

doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0128770

Figure Lengend Snippet: Increasing concentrations of MA led to more cell death and the activation of apoptosis pathways could be shown with annexin V–PI staining. Data are presented as percent of untreated control of n = 4 independent experiments.

Article Snippet: Human proximal tubule epithelial cells (hPTECs) were processed using an Annexin V apoptosis assay kit (BD Annexin V Apoptosis Detection Kit) according to the manufacturer’s protocol (BD Biosciences) and have been analyzed using flow cytometry.

Techniques: Activation Assay, Staining

Journal: Skeletal muscle

Article Title: Aminoguanidine hemisulfate improves mitochondrial autophagy, oxidative stress, and muscle force in Duchenne muscular dystrophy via the AKT/FOXO1 pathway in mdx mice.

doi: 10.1186/s13395-024-00371-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 4 AGH improved glutathione metabolism and reduced apoptosis. TA muscles from WT, mdx, and AGH-treatment mdx mice were isolated at 8 weeks of age. The ratio of (A) oxidized glutathione (GSSG) to glutathione (GSH) (GSSG/GSH), (B) the concentration of total GSH, (C) GSSG, and (D) GSH were mea sured per assay kit instructions. The activities of (E) GSH reductase and (F) GSH peroxidase in TA muscle were measured per assay kit instructions. Gene expression of (G) Gpx2, Gpx3, Gpx4, and (J) caspase3 measured using real-time PCR. Values were normalized to 36B4 levels. (H–I) Representative images and quantification of TUNEL-positive nuclei on TA muscle (20× magnification, scale bar = 100 μm). Values are presented as the mean ± standard error of the mean for each experiment (n = 5). * p < 0.05 compared with WT control, # p < 0.05 compared with mdx

Article Snippet: For the apoptosis assay, sections were processed using a One Step TUNEL apoptosis assay kit (C1089, Beyotime) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques: Muscles, Isolation, Concentration Assay, Gene Expression, Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction, TUNEL Assay, Control

Journal: Skeletal muscle

Article Title: Aminoguanidine hemisulfate improves mitochondrial autophagy, oxidative stress, and muscle force in Duchenne muscular dystrophy via the AKT/FOXO1 pathway in mdx mice.

doi: 10.1186/s13395-024-00371-1

Figure Lengend Snippet: Fig. 8 Summary diagram of AGH treatment in mdx mice. AGH treatment reduced ROS and apoptosis by restoring mitochondrial autophagy, restored the composition of muscle fiber types, and improved muscle force through the AKT/FOXO1 signaling pathway

Article Snippet: For the apoptosis assay, sections were processed using a One Step TUNEL apoptosis assay kit (C1089, Beyotime) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.

Techniques:

Journal: Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany)

Article Title: Thermosensitive Hydrogel with Programmable, Self-Regulated HIF-1α Stabilizer Release for Myocardial Infarction Treatment.

doi: 10.1002/advs.202408013

Figure Lengend Snippet: Figure 1. The design, function and application of the injectable release-induced degradation thermosensitive hydrogel for HIF-1𝛼stabilization on my- ocardial infarction. Hydrogel formation is induced by hydrogen-bonding interactions between hydrophobic NIPAAm at 37 °C and 𝜋–𝜋interaction between DPCA. The pendant DPCAs on the polymer backbone enhanced gel formation by hydrophobic interaction. DPCA release can be initiated and controlled by the break of ester bonds. The released DPCA acts as an inhibitor of PHDs and maintains HIF-1𝛼stability to alleviate fibrosis and myocardial apoptosis, promote regeneration and angiogenesis.

Article Snippet: Besides similar preliminary processing, TUNEL staining (Colorimetric TUNEL Apoptosis Assay Kit, beyotime, C1091) and Masson’s trichrome staining (Masson’s Trichrome Staining Kit, beyotime, C0189S) were performed according to the instructions.

Techniques: Polymer